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American journal of hematology • 1998 | View Paper
“Here we show that NAD+ simultaneously increases hESC mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and partially suppresses glycolysis and stimulates amino acid turnover, doubling the consumption of glutamine.”
“The excretion of glutamine carbons from the mitochondria has the secondary effect of limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) recycle, resulting in NADH buildup in the cytosol and the excretion of lactate.”
“The longer glutamine and methionine side chains stick into the active site and cause a change in the position of malate and/or NAD resulting in more than a 104-fold decrease in V/Et for these mutant enzymes.”
“… L-glutamine for the synthesis of …'-triphosphate, N-formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide, NAD , glucosamine-6-phosphate, and anthranilic acid is strongly or totally inhibited by a concentration of NSC-163501 of 1 … Escherichia coli is only modestly inhibited and 5-phosphoribosylamine synthesis in fetal rat liver is comparatively refractory to inhibition.”
“ Glutamine , but not pyruvate, decreased NAD(P)H level and prevented the effects of ethanol with CCK on mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD(P)H, but, in combination with CCK and ethanol, decreased the uncoupled respiration.”
“The L-glutamine oral powder , an amino acid (which received orphan drug designation) reduces oxidative damage to red blood cells by improving the redox potential of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , a coenzyme that has been identifi ed as the primary regulator of oxidation.”
“Earlier characterization of Qns1 suggested that glutamine consumption exceeds NAD+ production by 40%.”
“ Glutamine consumption exceeds NAD+ production over the whole range of glutamine and NaAD+ substrate concentrations with greatest efficiency occurring at saturation of both substrates.”
Journal of Biological Chemistry • 2006 | View Paper
“BackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that therapy with orally administered L-glutamine improves nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide ( NAD ) redox potential of sickle red blood cells (RBC).”
“A low concentration of glutamine (0.5 mM) caused asignificant increase (45–128%) in the ATP, GTP,CTP, UTP, UDP-GNac, and NAD pools and a doubling ofthe OUR compared to glutamine-free cultures.”