Possible Interaction: Glutamine and Manganese

“ Mn overexposure can dysregulate astrocytic cycling of glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu), which is the basis for Mn-induced excitotoxic neuronal injury.”

“In cultured astrocytes, pre-treatment with Mn inhibits the initial net uptake of Gln in a concentration-dependent manner.”

“ Manganese added directly to astrocytes induces deregulation … LAT2 transporters and significantly decreases in Gln uptake mediated by the transporting Systems N and ASC, and a decrease in Gln efflux mediated by Systems … Glu transporting systems leading to both a reduction in Glu uptake and elevation in extracellular Glu levels.”

“Also, unlike the wild-type Mn(III)SOD, which is electron paramagnetic resonance (… with many resonances in the region below 2250 G. We conclude that the Gln … manganese to stabilize Mn(II), indicating that Gln 143 has a substantial … oxidation and reduction cycles in the catalytic disproportionation of superoxide.”

“The consumption of Q decreased the content of Mn , Cs, V, Ni, As in the liver in db/db mice and increased Cu and did not significantly affect the level of trace elements in the liver in animals C57Bl/6J.”

“These results suggested that Glu-Gln cycle was disrupted by Mn exposure dose dependently; riluzole might antagonize Mn neurotoxicity.”

“Moreover, 30 min of pretreatment with Mn (100 microM, 500 microM, or 1 mM) inhibited the net uptake of glutamine ( GLN ) ((3)H-glutamine) measured at 1 and 5 min.”

“Following administration of 50 mg/kg/day manganese, glutamine concentration in the globus pallidus was decreased to 67% of control values but increased in frontal cortex by 56%.”

“ Manganese , however, inhibited the synthesis and release of glutamine.”

“A significant decrease in the concentration of glutamine was observed in caudate nucleus and hippocampus of weanling rats dosed with 10 mg/kg, Mn.”