Possible Interaction: Glutamine and Insulin

“Therefore, if proteolysis were a major factor determining amino acid fluxes in plasma, one would expect release of glutamine into plasma to be suppressed by insulin under euglycemic conditions and to be stimulated under hypoglycemic conditions.”

“Alterations in the cellular and secreted H35 cell gamma-glutamyl hydrolase levels in response to changes in culture conditions revealed that glutamine enhances activity while insulin diminishes it.”

“Stimulation with arginine plus different glucose concentrations, and leucine plus glutamine partially counteracted the rIL-1 beta-induced reduction of insulin release.”

“ Glutamine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients, and prevents obesity in animals fed a high-fat diet.”

“When administered with a meal, glutamine increases GLP-1 and insulin excursions and reduces postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes patients.”

“Whether glutamine may enhance insulin sensitivity postexercise requires further study in type 1 diabetes.”

“Consistent with the increases in GLP-1 and GIP, glutamine significantly increased circulating plasma insulin concentrations.”

“Our results demonstrate that a combination of insulin and glutamine are significantly more effective in reducing the expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha and HO-1 than insulin or glutamine alone.”

“In HepG2 cells, Gln upregulated the GAPDH mRNA level, and this effect was additive to that of insulin.”

“ Insulin also significantly reduced the efflux of isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine , and total amino acid nitrogen from forearm muscle.”