Possible Interaction: Glutamine and Hydrocortisone

“ Enteral glutamine resulted in modulation of inflammatory and … decreased plasma interleukin 6 and cortisol levels in glutamine compared with placebo group: 5.5±3.8 versus 11.1±19.9 ng/l (…-6 and 386±168.4 to 312.7±111.7 nmol/l (P=0.03) for cortisol.”

“Consuming carbohydrate (but not glutamine ) during exercise attenuates rises in stress hormones such as cortisol and appears to limit the degree of exercise-induced immunosuppression.”

“ Hydrocortisone treatment of TR-MUL cells increased glutamine synthetase expression and the rate of glutamate amidation to glutamine.”

“The addition of cortisol to the glutamine-containing medium resulted in a doubling of astroglial glutamine synthetase (GS) activity.”

“Withdrawal of glutamine from the medium resulted in a 50% elevation of GS and addition of cortisol to such a medium resulted in a further increase in GS which was not additive to glutamine withdrawal.”

“ Cortisol also increases glutamine synthetase activity in tilapia liver, white and red muscle, while activities in brain remain unaffected.”

“Using cultured retinal Müller glial cells, we demonstrate that protein expression of both, GLAST1 and glutamine synthetase, are inducible by the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol.”

“The present study shows that pretreatment of astrocytes with dibutyryl cAMP or with hydrocortisone , conditions that induce glutamine synthetase activity, increased glutamine content 2.4-fold and 5.3-fold, respectively.”

“The glutamine synthetase activities of both the type‐2 and type‐1 astrocytes are increased after exposure to cortisol.”

“No convincing evidence for a galactopoietic role of corticosteroids in the guinea-pig was obtained, although administration of cortisol signficantly stimulated the uptake of glutamine by the perfused gland.”

“ Cortisol can prematurely induce glutamine synthetase activity in the chick embryo retina.”