Possible Interaction: Glutamine and Calcium Supplement

“In epithelial C-4I cells derived from solid tumors, CA alleviated glutamine anaplerosis by downregulation of Glutaminase (GLS) and Malic Enzyme 1 (ME1), which resulted in the reduction of NADPH levels.”

“Calcium imaging revealed that glutamine application caused a rise in intracellular calcium that depended both on system A amino acid transport and activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors.”

“ Calcium stimulates the hydrolysis of glutamine in synaptosomes prepared from rat brain both by the sucrose- (12) and the Ficoll/sucrose-gradient techniques (13).”

“Asparagine and alanine produced electrophysiological and calcium changes that were at least as large as those caused by glutamine, but they were less effective GLP-1 secretagogues, suggesting that glutamine also potentiates secretion downstream of the calcium signal.”

“Neutralization of glutamate residues by glutamine in repeat I (E393Q), repeat III (E1145Q), and repeat IV (E1446Q) decreased the channel affinity for calcium ions 10-fold from the wild-type channel.”

“In all animal groups, glutamine reduced glucose oxidation by ca.”

“0.1-1.0 mM calcium stimulates glutamine hydrolysis and the calcium activation curve follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics.”

“Furthermore, calcium which activates glutamine hydrolysis, inhibits glutamine uptake into the mitochondria and so does alanine having no effect on glutamine hydrolysis.”

“Furthermore, both calcium (which activates glutamine hydrolysis), as well as alanine (which has no effect on the hydrolytic rate), inhibited glutamine transport into the mitochondria, indicating that transport of glutamine is not rate-limiting for the glutaminase reaction.”

“At 2 mM or lower [phosphate] in the medium, calcium inhibited glutamine utilization and the production of glutamate, aspartate, and ammonia from glutamine.”

“It was shown in vitro that Ca2+ addition induced inhibition of the synaptosomal respiration with glutamate and glutamine.”