Possible Interaction: Glutamine and Alpha-Ketoglutarate

“Although the literature suggests that glutamine synthesis accounts only for a marginal part of the disposal of exogenously supplied alpha-ketoglutarate, administered alpha-ketoglutarate has a potent 'sparing' effect on endogenous glutamine pools.”

“The effect of glutamine restriction is antagonized by a-ketoglutarate , a metabolite of glutaminolysis.”

“The postoperative decreases in the concentrations of free glutamine and basic amino acids seen in the control group were counteracted in the AKG group (p less than 0.05).”

“ Glutamine , which is the preferential energetic substrate of fibroblasts, can be produced from glutamate and might play a role in the action of OKG.”

“Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to postoperative total parenteral nutrition prevented the decrease in muscle protein synthesis and free glutamine that usually occurs after surgery.”

“It is concluded that a support of either glutamine or its carbon skeleton, alpha-ketoglutarate , counteracts the postoperative fall of muscle free glutamine and of muscle protein synthesis.”

“It has been shown that ammonia production from glutamine and glutamate was stimulated by NAD and ADP and was inhibited by oxoglutarate.”

“Additionally, the in vitro study showed that the addition of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) the net utilization of Gln and formulation of ammonia, Glu, Ala, and Asp by IPEC-1.”

“Because the uptake of 2-oxoglutarate is markedly enhanced by glutamine , 2-oxoglutarate uptake was determined with and without glutamine (0.2 mM) added to the incubation medium.”

“ Glutamine generally increases 2-oxoglutarate uptake, but under certain conditions may inhibit uptake.”