Possible Interaction: Glucose and Vitamin D

“A significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was seen on fasting glucose in a subgroup of studies (n = 4) with a mean baseline HbA1c ≥ 8% (64 mmol/mol) (standardized difference in means: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12-0.61, P = 0.003).”

“Besides, there were significant association between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic biomarkers including HDL-C and GLU levels.”

“Increased production of ghrelin, testosterone deficiency, and low vitamin D levels may also contribute to altered metabolism of glucose.”

“Inverse association was seen between 25(OH)D and fasting glucose (r=-0.18; p<0.05).”

“Female gender, higher fasting glucose , and increased smoking (p < 0.05) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentration.”

“Multivariate regression revealed strong interaction of vitamin D with body mass index that resulted in increased fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and reduced homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B; p = 0.01) in normoglycemic individuals.”

“There was a significant interaction between non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans combined, compared with non-Hispanic blacks, when 25(OH)D was regressed against fasting glucose (p=0.016) but not against fasting insulin (p>0.05).”

“ 25(OH)D levels correlated negatively with homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.200; P = .032) and glucose (r = -0.295; P = .001), but not with BMI.”

“Among RCTs, compared … placebo, vitamin D supplementation was associated with significant decrease in fasting glucose [SMD −1.13, (−2.11 to −0.11)] and PTH levels [SMD −1.50, (−2.95 to −0.04)] but no difference in fasting insulin levels [SMD 1.32, (−0.15 to 2.79)].”

“In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting glucose, and vitamin D treatment had beneficial effects on fasting glucose.”