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“These effects of PA were associated with significant increases in D-glucose and L-glutamine consumption as well as nitric oxide and ammonia production.”
“We found that 25mM of glucose and 0.4mM of palmitic acid treatment significantly increased cell apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion in INS‐1 cells.”
“Both oleic acid (monounsaturated, long chain) and palmitic acid (saturated, long chain) also increased glucose production , whereas caproic acid (saturated, short chain) failed to increase glucose production.”
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology • 2008 | View Paper
“In the presence ….7 mmol/l glucose protein production of p47phox was increased by 1.7-fold in isolated rat … 1 h, while in the presence of 0.1 mmol/l palmitic acid or 5 ng/ml IL-1β it was … 1.4-fold or 1.8-fold, respectively.”
“We evaluated several aspects of the insulin resistance induced by palmitic acid in rats and found that after treatment with 0.09 g/kg of palmitic acid there is a delay in the curve of tolerance to glucose.”
“These findings suggest that palmitic acid stimulates incorporation of glucose in the adipocyte by a mechanism dependent upon intracellular but not extracellular Ca2+.”