Possible Interaction: Glucose and Oleic Acid

“Both oleic acid and whey protein (WP) enhanced the insulin response to glucose in mice; however, only whey protein was associated with an increase in the levels of intact bioactive incretin hormones.”

“Addition of oleic acid significantly enhanced phagocytosis by both LPL-expressing and LPL-KO macrophages maintained in 1 mM glucose.”

“When glucose was administered, the proportion of oleic acid was reduced, while that of stearic acid increased in both groups.”

“Whereas their neuronal glucosensing was unaffected by CD36 depletion, the percent of neurons that responded to OA was decreased specifically in glucosensing neurons.”

“While simultaneous addition of glucose , insulin and OA remarkably increased the cellular content of TAG and cholesterol, knocking-down of PLIN3 predominantly reduced TAG content.”

“Increased availability of OA within the MBH is sufficient to markedly inhibit GP.”

“The MBH infusion of … 40 pmol of OA was … inhibit GP (by 61% from 12.6 ± 0.6 to 5.1 ± 1.6 mg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) such that … to be infused at the rate of 6.0 ± 1.2 mg·kg(-1)·min(-1) to prevent hypoglycemia.”

“In those neurons excited by both 2.5 mM glucose and OA, OA had … concentration (EC(50)) of 13.1 nM. Neurons inhibited by both 2.5 mM glucose … OA had an effective inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 93 nM. …, OA had markedly different effects on these same neurons.”

“Both oleic acid (monounsaturated, long chain) and palmitic acid (saturated, long chain) also increased glucose production , whereas caproic acid (saturated, short chain) failed to increase glucose production.”

“The insulin response to glucose was also augmented by addition of OA (34 mg; P < 0.05) although only 1.5-fold and with no associated increase in glucose elimination.”

“These results demonstrate that high concentrations of oleic acid stimulate insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas and modulate the insulin response to arginine or glucose.”