Possible Interaction: Glucose and Nitric Oxide

“Specifically, insulin-mediated production of nitric oxide from the vascular endothelium leads to increased blood flow enhancing disposal of glucose.”

“ Nitric oxide inhibits the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose resulting in an impairment of insulin secretion.”

“In intact cells, through cGMP and … protein kinase signaling, physiological levels of NO acutely stimulate uptake … oxidation of glucose and fatty acids by skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissue, while inhibiting the synthesis … glucose, glycogen and fat in the insulin‐sensitive tissues, and enhancing lipolysis in white adipocytes.”

“ResultsTreatment with 50 mmol/L glucose markedly increased the level of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, PGE2, NO , TGF-β1, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES.”

“Objective—Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide NO ) may modulate insulin-induced uptake of glucose in insulin-sensitive tissues.”

“Emerging evidence shows that NO regulates the metabolism of glucose , fatty acids and amino acids in mammals.”

“However, as a signaling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake as well as glucose and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver and adipose tissue; inhibit the synthesis of glucose , glycogen, and fat in target tissues (e.g., liver and adipose); and enhance lipolysis in adipocytes.”

“High glucose induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in many cell types causing the generation of species such as superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite and their derivatives.”

“In HAEC culture, d-glucose stimulated AM and nitric oxide production and they were suppressed by addition of AM antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.”

“As these effects were blocked by an SGLT1 inhibitor and further analyses indicated that SGLT1 is expressed in macula densa cells, the researchers suggest that tubular glucose inhibits TGF and stimulates NO generation via SGLT1.”

“Using microperfusion and micropuncture techniques, they show that tubular glucose inhibits the TGF response in vitro and in vivo and stimulates the generation of nitric oxide (NO) at the macula densa.”

“Physiologically, NO is known to regulate the transport of insulin and uptake of glucose by several tissues including the endothelium, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle.”