Possible Interaction: Glucose and Metformin

“ Fasting glucose , glycated hemoglobin, and HOMA1‐IR were lower after than before metformin treatment.”

“The effects of metformin can be enhanced by nutrient deprivation (ie, glucose , amino acids), which reduces intracellular levels of ATP and anabolic precursors and can be achieved by the fasting mimicking diet (FMD).”

“Consequently, increased colonic glucose use might partly explain the weight losing effect of metformin when this results in an increased energy expenditure and/or core body temperature.”

“BACKGROUND Metformin may improve metabolic factors (insulin, glucose , leptin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) associated with poor breast cancer outcomes.”

“… metformin 1000 mg group had … significantly greater decline in glucose and HbA1c levels between treatment weeks 0 and 6 month (p = 0.008 and 0.009, respectively), and the declines … with an increase in body mass index (BMI) level (p interaction with BMI = 0.007 and 0.067, respectively).”

“In addition, metformin induced an improvement of endocrine and anthropometric parameters in PCOS subjects by reducing glucose , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and androstendione, and by increasing dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S).”

“Following metformin administration, fasting glucose and insulin were reduced.”

“ Metformin treatment, in addition to life style intervention, significantly reduced morning glucose and HbA1c whilst body weight and BMI were only marginally reduced during the 24 week trial.”

“The molecular mechanisms of metformin have not been fully identified, but turnover of biomarkers such as glucose and signalling pathways or translocation of glucose transporters are closely related to the glucose-lowering effects of metformin.”

“Results:Patients receiving metformin had a significant decrease in their plasma glucose concentration, the rate of glucose production , and an increase in glucose clearance.”