Possible Interaction: Glucose and Isoleucine

“ Glucose infusion decreased methionine, serine, isoleucine and the sum of the essential amino acids and of the BCAA.”

“The plasma concentrations of the keto acids of valine and isoleucine decreased by the leucine infusion while the concentrations of the keto acid of leucine and isoleucine decreased by glucose infusion.”

“The results of this study demonstrated that isoleucine supplementation enhanced the intestinal and muscular GLUT expressions, which have important implications that suggest that isoleucine could potentially increase muscle growth and intestinal development by enhancing local glucose uptake in animals and human beings.”

“Chronic supplementation of isoleucine in mice on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet significantly reduced insulin release after an oral glucose challenge without any change in glucose tolerance curve, suggesting that isoleucine might have an insulin-sensitizing effect along with its acute hypoglycemic effect.”

“In the present study, oral isoleucine significantly reduced the blood glucose level after an oral glucose challenge in normal mice, as well as in glucose-intolerant mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and db/db mice, a model of severe type 2 diabetes.”

“A single oral administration of isoleucine significantly reduced plasma glucose levels 30 and 60 min after the glucose bolus , whereas administration of leucine and valine did not produce a significant decrease.”

“The amino acids L-leucine, L-isoleucine , and L-arginine require a subthreshold concentration of glucose to elicit insulin release and electrical activity from B-cells.”

“This process is stimulated by glucose (but not by pyruvate) and by insulin, which also enhances the degradation of isoleucine and valine.”

“ Glucose infusion decreased (P < .005) moles/100 g of total essential amino acids in plasma; moles/100 g of lysine, valine, leucine and isoleucine were also reduced (P < .005).”

“It was found that L-isoleucine requires the presence of basal glucose (5 mM) in Order to increase spike discharge from islet cells and depolarize the cell membrane.”

“Plasma concentrations of valine, isoleucine , leucine and phenylalanine were depressed to 57, 71, 89 and 90% of their control values during glucose , propionate, butyrate and acetate infusion.”