Possible Interaction: Glucose and Insulin Detemir

“The effect of glucose on glucose disposal in humans is such that a 100 mg/dl increase in plasma glucose (at basal insulin ) will increase glucose disposal by 1.63 mg • min ' -kg '.”

“The pivotal role of basal insulin is to restrain release of glucose from the liver and free fatty acids from adipose tissue, thus preventing hyperglycemia and ketosis.”

“Appropriate insulin nomenclature includes 3 components: basal insulin (inhibits hepatic glucose production overnight and between meals), prandial (also called bolus or mealtime) insulin (promotes glucose disposal into muscles from food consumption), and correction-dose insulin.”

“Normally, continuous and variable basal insulin release provides partial suppression of hepatic glucose production to maintain euglycemia during the fasting period.”

“The present studies sought to determine whether the ability of glucose to regulate its own metabolism in the presence of basal insulin concentrations is impaired.”

“We conclude that the ability of glucose to regulate its own metabolism in the presence of basal insulin concentrations is abnormal in people with NIDDM.”

“ Basal insulin supplementation decreased (P < .05) both splanchnic uptake of ingested glucose and hepatic glucose release.”

“Although the mean basal insulin level was significantly elevated in burn patients, the basal rate of glucose production was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the average value for normal volunteers.”

“Local infusion … either glucose (5%) or PACAP(1-27) (0.05 microg) resulted in a significant increase in the basal insulin output to about 300 microU x min(-1)g(-1), which was highly reproducible upon the second administration of the same dose with an interval of 30 min.”

“We have found that preexposure to an elevated concentration of glucose reversibly induces an enhancement of basal insulin release from rat pancreatic islets dependent on glucose metabolism.”

“The combined effect of glucose to enhance glucose uptake and suppress endogenous glucose production at basal insulin has been defined as glucose effectiveness (S[G]) and is at least equal to insulin itself in the determination of glucose tolerance.”