Possible Interaction: Glucose and Bismuth Subsalicylate

“The effects of surgical stress in the plasma concentration of ACTH (P <0.001), cortisol (P <0.01), aldosterone (P <0.05), FFA (P <0.05) and glucose (P <0.01) were significantly less pronounced in the group of patients who received combined general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia.”

“In addition, glucose and FA have both been found to induce ER stress.”

“Highly significant correlations … reported levels of total stress at work (total OSI … measured values of glucose , lipids, blood pressure, heart rate, Framingham cardiovascular risk scale, occurrence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidaemia, … syndrome, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular insults, degenerative eye-fundus changes, and temporary and permanent work disability.”

“Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that stress eating was associated with significantly higher nondiabetic levels of glucose , insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c as well as higher odds of prediabetes or diabetes.”

“Our results suggest that activation of ER stress by glucose fluctuation may play a causal role in pericyte injury and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.”

“The results suggest that patients prone to postoperative hyperglycaemia are not diabetic, but that their production of glucose is increased during surgical stress.”

“Collectively, these findings indicated that glucose fluctuation reduces GLP-1R expression through ER stress more profoundly than sustained hyperglycemia, which may contribute to the diminished response of GLP-1.”

“ Surgical stress resulted in a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentrations (P < 0.001) with the highest mean levels 15 min after surgery (32.4 +/- 18.1 microg/l) as well as in serum levels of glucose (P < 0.001) and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.001).”

“These results indicate that in the early phase after surgical stress there is an impaired insulin response to a glucose load and that in the recovery stage after surgery, there is an augmented insulin response to a glucose load.”