Possible Interaction: Glucosamine and Nitric Oxide

“The addition of 25 mg/ml of glucosamine prevented the increase in nitric oxide production, proteoglycan release and MMP activity induced by LPS or rhIL-1.”

“Moreover, glucosamine suppressed the IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p < 0.05 at >…-binding to its receptors (p < 0.05 at 1 mM).Conclusions:These observations suggest that glucosamine can suppress the IL-… as IL-8-, nitric oxide- and PGE2-production, and phosphorylation … antiinflammatory actions in arthritis.”

“Using the rat alveolar epithelial cell line L2, we noted that the cytokine mixture (cytomix)-regulated production and mRNA expression of CINC-1 and MIP-2, NO production, the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS, iNOS mRNA stability, and iNOS promoter activity were all inhibited by glucosamine.”

“ GlcN inhibited LPS‐induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p65 to both NF‐κB consensus sequence and NF‐κB binding sequence of inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter.”

“Nucleus cells, 7 days: Glucosamine reduced IL-6 (by 89%), PGE(2) (91%), and NO (90%) with no effect to viability.”

“ Glucosamine and mannosamine at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/mL inhibited NO production.”

“Furthermore, glucosamine reduced the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in plasma (p < 0.05).Conclusions: These observations suggest that glucosamine is able to suppress the progression of adjuvant arthritis in rats.”

“ Glucosamine at 0.1, 0.5 and 2 mM decreased NO production by 34, 45 and 56% respectively compared with controls where glucosamine was lacking.”

“Based on recent findings that excess production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mediates the pathogenesis of arthritis, we hypothesized that glucosamine may inhibit NO synthesis.”

“These studies demonstrate that glucosamine is a novel inhibitor of inducible NO synthesis via inhibition of iNOS protein expression, and provide a biochemical basis for the use of glucosamine in treating chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.”

“When cultured macrophages were treated with LPS (1 microg/ml) to induce iNOS expression, addition of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM d-glucosamine decreased NO production by 18, 38, 60, and 89%, respectively.”