Possible Interaction: Glucosamine and Glucose

“Uptake of 2-DG increased upon GlcN treatment under 5 mM glucose compared to control, whereas insulin-stimulated 2-DG uptake decreased under 5 mM and increased under 25 mM glucose in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.”

“The effects of sorbitol, fructose and elevated concentrations of glucose were partly inhibited by ethanol, glycerol and glucosamine.”

“Furthermore, … stimulated GC by ∼ 2.5-fold during saline infusion (from 3.0 ± 0.6 to 7.7 ± 1.4 mg.…−1 · min−1, P < 0.001, euglycemia vs. hyperglycemia), this increase was blunted in the presence of GlcN (4.6 ± 0.6 mg.…−1 · min−1, P = NS).”

“Administration of glucosamine 10 min before an infusion of glucose (10 mg · min−1 · 15 min) reduced the insulin response.”

“ Glucosamine (5 mmol/l) reduced glucokinase activity in islet homogenate and diminished the insulin response to glucose (200 mg/dl) by isolated islets, whereas the response to arginine (20 mmol/l at 100 mg/dl glucose) was unaffected.”

“ GlcN non-competitively inhibits basal glucose transport, which in part depends on GlcN-mediated depletion of ATP stores.”

“The production of CO2 from glucosamine by intact PMNs was inhibited by glucose and dependent upon activation of the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMPS).”

“RESULTS In each group of patients, 25 mM D- lucose si gnificantly reduced the incorporation of [3H ]glucosamine (P <0.01), but not [35S]sulphate.”

“Interestingly, excess glucose rescued this glucosamine-mediated regulation, suggesting a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine.”

“ Glucosamine (GlcN) increased glucose production and gluconeogenic enzyme (G6Pase and PEPCK) expression.”

“Conversely, culture with glucosamine , which increases the hexosamine pathway flux, impaired [Ca2+]i response to 8.3 mM glucose , mimicking HG.”