Possible Interaction: Glucagon and Xylitol

“In contrast, the sugar alcohol, xylitol , prevents the increasing effect of glucagon in normal humans.”

“However, intravenous … 1 mg glucagon … xylitol reduced the xylitol-induced changes in oxypurines, pyruvic acid, GABP + DHAP, and FBP, whereas it promoted the xylitol-induced increase in the … excretion of total purine bases and did not affect the xylitol-induced increase in the plasma concentration of total purine bases.”

“Therefore, administration of glucagon together with xylitol may synergistically increase purine degradation more than xylitol alone, despite decreases in the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of oxypurines.”

“From estimation of the rates of glucose formation, glucose phosphorylation, fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation, fructose 1,6-diphosphate dephosphorylation, and lactate and pyruvate formation, it is concluded that glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis from galactose, dihydroxyacetone, xylitol , and fructose by influencing the rate of reactions involving fructose 6-phosphate.”

“The formation of lactate from xylitol and oxidation of xylitol to CO2 are inhibited approximately 80% and 70%, respectively, by glucagon.”

“ Glucagon enhanced glucose synthesis from pyruvate, dihydroxyacetone, fructose, or xylitol more effectively at low than at high substrate concentration.”

“ Xylitol reduced plasma glucagon concentration to one third and tripled plasma insulin concentration.”