Possible Interaction: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Norepinephrine

“ Norepinephrine (NE) is a central nervous system neuromodulator that enhances the actions of other neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate.”

“… GABA has an inhibitory … such as norepinephrine and serotonin and this inhibition may be involved in local circuits and interneurons, it has been suggested that the hypothesis of … disorders does not compete with but complements the well-established hypotheses of alterations in noradrenergic and serotonergic function in mood disorders.”

“An increase in noradrenaline after mating reduces inhibitory transmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the granule cells to mitral cells and induces an olfactory memory of pheromones present at mating.”

“In all species, NE stimulated basal GABA outflow, an effect prevented by prazosin.”

“Norepinephrine NE ) concentration dependently increased basal GABA outflow both in slices and synaptosomes.”

“An action on the GABA synapse may account for alterations in the effects of other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine , serotonin, and acetylcholine.”

“ GABA inhibited the NE stimulated cAMP response possibly through the hyperpolarizing action of GABA.”

“ GABA reduced the norepinephrine-induced migratory activity of these cells within a three-dimensional collagen matrix to spontaneous migration levels, as was analyzed by time-lapse videomicroscopy.”

“Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between the NE and GABA concentrations and between the EP and GABA concentrations in the AF.”

“OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in amniotic fluid (AF) during fetal distress, because it has been reported that several neurotransmitters, e.g. norepinephrine , are affected by GABA.”

“The positive correlations between the concentrations of GABA and those of NE and EP in the AF, suggest that GABA, NE, and EP might play important roles during fetal distress.”

“It was of interest that among the controls there was a significant negative correlation between CSF levels of GABA and CSF levels of norepinephrine.”

“The theory suggests that final effects on alpha-1 mediated neurotransmission may be produced not only by drugs … or its second messenger, but also by drugs having effects on neurotransmitter systems such as acetylcholine, GABA , and … central norepinephrine neurons or, via feedback mechanisms, by … the alpha-1 receptor itself.”