Possible Interaction: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

“GnRH is the main neurohormone controlling reproduction and among the most important inputs modulating GnRH synthesis/secretion are GABA and kisspeptins.”

“These Fos/ glutamic acid decarboxylase67 double-labeled neurons are most likely to secrete -aminobutyric acid and probably inhibit GnRH , whether directly or through a further link.”

“The inhibitory input to GnRH neurons is mostly transsynaptic and provided by GABAergic and opiatergic neurons; however, GABA has also been shown to directly excite GnRH neurons.”

“ GnRH neurons exhibited robust currents in response to millimolar concentrations of GABA and a picrotoxin (PTX)-sensitive, bicuculline-insensitive current that probably arises from spontaneous openings of GABAA receptors.”

“Inhibition of LHRH release occurs in response to LHRH, GABA (GABA-B agonists), prolactin, and glucocorticoids.9.”

“Recent studies suggest that disinhibition of GnRH neurons from GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) appears to be a critical factor in female rhesus monkey.”

“Of the molecules associated with communication across distances, the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA ) is associated with the GnRH migration pathway and influences the position and organization of GnRH neurons in vitro and in vivo.”

“Based on the transient dual-label and adjacent relationships between GABA and GnRH containing cells in the nasal compartment, and other data showing migrational and trophic roles for GABA in development, we suggest that GABA may directly influence GnRH neuronal migration and development.”

“The action of norepinephrine and GABA is most likely exerted at the perikarya … of the GnRH neurons since the alpha l-adreno receptor blocker doxazosin and GABA … GnRH secretion only when applied into the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (where in the rat brain the GnRH perikarya are located).”

“The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and GABA inhibits GnRH neurons tonically until they are all ready for phasic activation.”

“Androgens are thought to regulate GABA , which in turn regulates the neural cascade that modulates GnRH drive.”