Possible Interaction: Fluorides and Iodides

“These results suggest that iodide causes the most damage but that fluoride can promote specific changes in the function and morphology of the thyroid, either alone or in combination with iodide.”

“Collectively, excessive fluoride and excessive iodide have detrimental influences on human thyroid cells.”

“Furthermore, an antagonistic interaction between fluoride and excessive iodide exists, and cytotoxicity may be related to IRE1 pathway-induced apoptosis.”

“Furthermore, exposure to the combination of excessive iodide and fluoride may cause interactive effects on thyroid cytotoxicity.”

“Optimal concentrations of chloride, bromide and iodide are about 100 times higher than those required for activation by fluoride.”

“The F- adsorption in the presence of Br- or I- was decreased over a range of pH 4-5 whereas Cl- showed a negligible effect.”

“Chloride, bromide, iodide and acetate salts enhance autocatalytic processing, but sulfate salts do not and fluoride salts are inhibitory.”

“… iodide … fluoride is assumed to exist in the hormone production of the thyroid gland,8 and as only the hormone of the thyroid gland containing iodine … possible to reduce dental caries by painting enamel with a solution of sodium fluoride points to the local effect of fluoride on enamel.”