Possible Interaction: Fish Oils and Linoleic Acid

“After 2 weeks several important modifications … fatty acid composition were observed: fish oil induced a … of linoleic (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) and a significant increase of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), … soy PC induced significant increases of LA, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA/SFA ratio.”

“… fish oil can prevent or reduce this compression increasing the movement of ions in and out of the channel.1 Other antiarrhythmic benefits of omega-…, which is partly how marine omega-3s reduce inflammation.2 EPA metabolites are also antiarrhythmic, whereas almost all metabolites from AA (and linoleic acid) ….”

“The feeding of fish oil has resulted in decreased concentrations of LA and arachidonic (AA) and increased concentrations of n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).”

“Although subjects were 1.8 times more likely to develop a low linoleic acid while receiving FO vs SO (95% CI: 1.4-2.3, P < 0.01), there was not a significant risk for low arachidonic acid.”

“High linoleic acid LA ) intake may impair any effects of FO.”

“ Fish oil supplementation significantly increased LDL concentration of EPA (P = 0.0001) and DHA (P = 0.0001) and decreased that of linoleic acid P = 0.006).”

“ Linoleic acid , which was the most abundant fatty acid in cholesterol esters, strongly decreased after fish oil consumption.”

“Our results suggest that decreases observed by fish oil feeding in the percentages of arachidonic acid in phospholipids and linoleic acid in cholesterol esters in the three lipoprotein fractions may be of importance to explain some pharmacological effects of n-3 PUFA with regard to vascular diseases.”

“ Linoleic acid and tetralinoloyl cardiolipin (an essential mitochondrial phospholipid) were decreased with pressure overload on standard diet, which was prevented by fish oil.”

“Proportions of trans-11 …-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0.52, 0.90, 1.11, and 1.52 g/100 g of fatty acids), and trans-10 …, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.16 g/100 g of fatty acids) in milk fat were increased by FO ….”

“… fish oil (up to 4.17 g/l) … to decrease the initial rate of LA (P=0.025) and LNA (P=0.137) disappearance, decreased (P<0.05) the transient accumulation of … isomers of both fatty acids, and increased (P<0.05) the accumulation of trans-11-18:1.”