Possible Interaction: Etoposide and Kaempferol

“ Kaempferol also reduces the level of free radicals generated by etoposide.”

“Our results indicate that kaempferol and its glycoside derivatives can modulate the activity of etoposide in HL-60 cells and affect its antitumor efficacy in this way.”

“We demonstrated that kaempferol increases the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to etoposide but does not affect apoptosis induced by this drug.”

“… kaempferol and its glycoside derivatives—kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (…→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (P7), isolated from aerial parts of Lens culinaris Medik.—affect the antitumor activity of etoposide ….”

“Compared to the intravenous control group, the presence of kaempferol enhanced the AUC of intravenously administered etoposide , however, only presence of 12 mg/kg of kaempferol significant (P < 0.05) increased AUC of etoposide.”

“Compared to the oral control group, the presence of kaempferol significantly (4 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 12 mg/kg, P < 0.01) increased the area under the plasma concentrationtime curve (AUC) and the peak concentration (Cmax) of the oral etoposide.”

“Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB%) of oral etoposide with kaempferol was significantly higher (4 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 12 mg/kg, P < 0.01) than those from the control group.”

“ Kaempferol decreased significantly (4 or 12 mg/kg, P < …) the total body clearance (CL/F) of oral etoposide , while there was no significant change in the terminal halflife (t1/2), the elimination rate constant (… the time to reach the peak concentration (Tmax) of etoposide in the presense of kaempferol.”

“The dosage regimen of etoposide should be taken into consideration for potential drug interaction when combined with kaempferol or dietary supplements containing kaempferol in patients.”

“The enhanced bioavailability of oral etoposide by kaempferol could have been due to an inhibition of cytochrom P450 (CYP) 3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the intestinal or decreased total body clearance in the liver by kaempferol.”

“We also showed that kaempferol induces DNA damage in HL-60 cells and leads to an increase of DNA damage provoked by etoposide.”