Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Somatostatin

“ Alcohol binge drinking disinhibited pyramidal neurons by augmenting SST neurons-mediated GABA release and synaptic strength onto other GABAergic populations and reducing spontaneous inhibitory transmission onto pyramidal neurons.”

“Here, we found that repeated cycles of alcohol binge drinking via the Drinking-in-the-Dark (DID) model led to hypoactivity of SST neurons in the prelimbic (PL) cortex by diminishing their action potential firing capacity and excitatory/inhibitory transmission dynamic.”

“The peripheral plasma and intestinal levels of SST and the mucosal expression of SSTR2 in the ethanol group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05).”

“The plasma and intestinal levels of SST in the ethanol group were significantly lower than those in either control group (P<.05).”

“These findings suggest that impairment of intestinal SST production by chronic ethanol administration leading to upregulation of the TLR4-TBK1 pathway may be one of the mechanisms underlying the LPS hypersensitivity of intestinal epithelia.”

“In rats, the hemorrhagic gastric erosions produced by ethanol , and the fatal hemorrhagic hepatic recrosis induced by phalloidin, were significanlty reduced by regular somatostatin , but not by derivatives devoid of-SH containing cysteines.”

“ Chronic ethanol ingestion decreases the number of somatostatin (SRIF) receptors in the rat frontoparietal cortex and female sex hormones modulate the effects of ethanol in the brain.”

“ Somatostatin (S) inhibits hemorrhagic gastric erosions produced by ethanol.”

“The coadministration of somatostatin with ethanol significantly reduced gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol alone.”

“In contrast, acute application of ethanol in 8 day-old cultures significantly reduced (50 mM) or completely blocked (100 mM) somatostatin release elicited by 50 microM NMDA without modifying basal release.”

“The neuropeptide somatostatin has been suggested to play a role in seizure genesis, electrical kindling and the neurotoxic effects of alcohol.”

“ Ethanol in low concentrations (22-44 mM), like muscarinic agonists, greatly reduced the M-current amplitude at depolarized membrane potentials and at 44 mM antagonized its augmentation by somatostatin.”

“Previous in vivo studies showed that systemic ethanol enhanced hippocampal neuronal responses to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and somatostatin while having little or no effect on responses to other transmitters.”