“The induced IFN is secreted maximally at 6 h, whereas the induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase mRNA peaks between 9 … and its activity at 15 h. The appearance of both 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and the antiviral state upon ethanol treatment is …-bovine recombinant IFN-beta antibodies.”
“Together, these results show that: 1) ethanol induces the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and antiviral activities through IFN-beta production; and 2) the IFN produced does not act directly from inside the cells, but has to be first secreted to bind to its receptor.”