Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Norepinephrine

“Lactate levels (30 min after drug ingestion, 30 and 60 min after the effort test) and noradrenaline levels (30 min after the effort test) were higher in the alcohol and alcohol + energy drink sessions compared with the control session.”

“In addition, the higher dose of ethanol increased plasma norepinephrine levels at 2000 and 2200 h (P < 0.01) until 0400 h (P < 0.05).”

“Rather, the fluid ethanol as well as placebo) increased NE levels.”

“ Plasma noradrenaline (NA) concentration was higher during ethanol ingestion (P less than 0.01), principally because of a significant reduction in NA clearance of -1.51 l min-1 m-2 (P less than 0.05).”

“ Alcohol … noradrenaline levels that commenced approximately 30 min after drinking and lasted about 4 h. In contrast, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels fell immediately after alcohol … least 6 h. Acute alcohol administration alters noradrenaline catabolism, and may have a dual effect of increasing noradrenaline release and decreasing noradrenaline clearance.”

“A number of preclinical and clinical studies indicate multiple types of interaction between ethanol intake and the mood-related neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE).”

“This paper puts forth the hypothesis ethanol is a substrate in a novel, endogenous synthetic pathway for NE, consistent with some studies showing that intake of ethanol increases the concentration of endogenous NE.”

“Endogenous noradrenaline in the brain was reduced by about 15% by ethanol.”

“On the 4th day after withdrawal of ethanol the endogenous levels of dopamine and noradrenaline were statistically significantly reduced in the limbic structures.”

“In the BAT of pups sympathetic activity, as demonstrated by noradrenaline , was also increased by long-term exposure to alcohol.”

“A highly intoxicating concentration of ethanol (69.6 mM, 320 mg%) increased the K+-evoked release of norepinephrine , dopamine and serotonin without affecting basal release.”