Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Nitrous Oxide

“ Ethanol and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used in combination by recreational drug users.”

“There were several instances of ethanol potentiating the effects of N2O , and instances in which the drug combination produced effects that neither drug alone did.”

“The fact that ethanol increased the vulnerability only in conscious rats might indicate that nitrous oxide and ethanol have a common effect on the endothelial cell membranes or that nitrous oxide neutralizes an action of ethanol.”

“The toxic synergisms from combined GABA-mimetics, such as ethanol , and nontoxic N2O exposure have been previously elucidated and are further contextualized here.”

“We have previously published two studies on the modulating effects of alcohol-drinking status on choice for, and subjective effects of, nitrous oxide , but the results were equivocal.”

“For preparations irradiated under N2O , the radiation yield for MetHb formation was threefold lower in the presence of ethanol and 1-butanol [G(MetHb)=0.33] compared with preparations irradiated in the presence oft-butanol or without alcohol [G(MetHb)=1.00].”

“The yield of hemichromes and cholehemichromes in preparations irradiated under N2O increased in the order: ethanol (G=0.38), 1-butanol (G=0.52),t-butanol (G=0.59), and in the absence of alcohol (G=0.72).”

“Both (+)-MK-801 and ethanol but not midazolam pretreatment also significantly enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of N2O.”

“ N2O suppressed EtOH consumption at 1, but not 25 h after exposure in both HAD and P rats.”

“Thus, ethanol provides apparent analgesia following formalin injection and, unlike halothane, augments the preemptive analgesia produced by nitrous oxide.”

“However, the interactions between N2O and barbiturates (pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone), and N2O and ethanol were found to be infra-additive.”

“Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and nitrous oxide scavenging (%) were found to have a strong positive association and interaction (PCA 1 explains 84.54% variation) with ethanol bark (Etoh-AB) (Meoh-AF).”