Possible Interaction: Ethanol and NADH

“ Ethanol stimulates NADH production and thereby increases the rate of chloral hydrate reduction to trichloroethanol by liver alcohol dehydrogenase.”

“Prolonged administration of alcohol (within 2 months) caused an intensification of glycolysis and an increase in NADH cytochrome C oxidoreductase pathway with preferable oxidation of succinate and activation of cytochrome C oxidase; the phenomenon appears to be an adaptation to chronic "alcohol hypoxia".”

“Similarly, ethanol metabolism alters the ratio of NAD+ to reduced NAD ( NADH ) and promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species and acetate, all of which impact epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.”

“ Ethanol metabolism also causes an increase in the free reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH ) in cells, which might reasonably be expected to decrease the retinol oxidation rate by product inhibition of ADH isoforms.”

“In addition to the above, ethanol may also induce free radical formation via the reaction of aldehyde oxidase with acetaldehyde or NADH to generate oxyradicals via disturbance in the metabolism of the pro-oxidant iron, or via increased efflux from mitochondria following altered mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.”

“A factor which restricts ethanol metabolism is the reoxidation of a reduced form of nicotinamide dinucleotide ( NADH ) produced during ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-NADH system [6,7].”

“That an alteration in the NADH NAD ratio occurs with ethanol ingestion can be indirectly inferred by the changes in serotonin, galactose, and norepinephrine metabolism.”

“The availability of unreduced NAD in the cell sap seems to be important10,11, because NADH competes with NAD for binding sites on the enzyme ADH and, in sufficient concentration, may inhibit the rate of ethanol dehydrogenation12.”

“It was suggested that ethanol increased NADH and decreased NAD such that 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde-C 14 derived from the serotonin-C 14 was preferentially converted to 5-hydroxytryptophol-C 14 with a concomitant decrease in 5-HIAA-C 14 .”

“ Chronic ethanol consumption induces the disturbances in cytoplasmic enzymes of neurons: increases the activity of type B monoamine oxidase, dehydrogenases of lactate and NADH and, especially, marker enzyme of lysosomes acid phosphatase as well as inhibits the activity of dehydrogenases of succinate and glucose-6-phosphate.”