Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Manganese

“ Ethanol consumption and/or liver damage may alter liver content of several trace elements, as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese.”

“Conversely, the level of Co and Mn in the cord blood of offspring maternally exposed to ethanol is decreased.”

“17beta-Estradiol and ethanol enhanced the proliferative actions of zinc and manganese across a wide concentration range.”

“Furthermore, the results indicated that Mn co‐exposure with EtOH at 1.25 and 5 g/kg EtOH significantly (p ≤ .05) increases the toxicity in the cerebellum when compared with the toxicity of Mn or EtOH alone.”

“Taken together, co‐exposure of Mn and EtOH exacerbates neuronal alterations, oxidative/nitrosative stress, AChE activity, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, NF‐κB signal transcription, and apoptosis induction in the rat cerebellar cortex.”

“Moreover, the results indicated that Mn co-exposure with EtOH at 1.25 and 5 g/kg body weight further exacerbates neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus when compared with single dose of Mn and EtOH alone.”

“…,EtOH … Mn - induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuro-inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis via mechanism involving oxidative damages of cellular constituents, neuronal inflammation and subsequent upregulation of Bax … and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression via p53 dependent/independent pathways to induced hippocampal apoptosis associated with impaired spatial learning and memory.”

“Both actions of ALC were reversed by Mn supplementation.”

“COX2 synthesis, as well as PGE2 and LHRH release were suppressed by ALC exposure, but Mn supplementation caused an increase in COX2 synthesis and subsequent PGE2 and LHRH release in the presence of ALC.”

“ Mn supplementation also ameliorated the action of ALC to delay puberty.”

“ Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese , related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis.”

“It indicated that alcohol improved the activity of CYP2E1 and the MN formation rate of group C also increased [(8.8 +/- 1.8) per thousand vs(6.5 +/- 1.0) per thousand, P < 0.01]. (”

“In the total 2 and 4 week-old brain the alcohol induced decrease of enolase and glutamine synthetase was also antagonized by the Mn suplementation.”

“Our data suggest that Mn may act as a factor overcoming at least partially some aspects of alcohol induced retardation of nerve cell development.”

“Synergistic effect of ethanol and manganese was noticed on increasing the activity of ATPase and RNase while marked antagonistic effect was observed on the activity of MAO.”

“The mechanism and the significance of these neurochemical alterations occurring after the administration of ethanol and manganese have been discussed.”