Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Linolenic Acid

“By altering the composition of dietary fat to include either more saturated fatty acids, higher levels of a specific omega 6 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid , or higher levels of the omega 3 fatty acids, biochemical, physiological and neurobehavioral effects of ethanol have been shown to be modulated.”

“ Propolis ethanol extract inhibited dose‐dependently the formation of hydroperoxide‐ and endoperoxide‐type lipid peroxides during heating of linoleic acid, linolenic acid or arachidonic acid and the amount of the extract causing a half inhibition of these lipid peroxide formations ranged between 20 and 75 μg.”

“Reversibility studies revealed that the postrecovery … flux of LHRH through 5% linolenic acid in combination with EtOH or PG/iontophoresis treated epidermis was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced than the prerecovery value but could not completely recover to the baseline flux (i.e., flux of LHRH through untreated epidermis).”

“ Chronic ethanol administration to adult rats results in an increase in the linolenic (18:2) to arachidonic (20:4) acid ratios in brain phospholipids.”

“However, the use of linolenic acid instead of glucose significantly reduced alcohol and increased SCFAs in the fermentation media of the K. pneumoniae K1 serotype.”