Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Levoleucovorin

“Single-cell Raman spectroscopy revealed … than 52% of spores lost CaDPA after … of ethanol treatment; these showed reductions in the intensity of 1280 and 1652 cm-1 bands (corresponding to protein α-…) and increases in that of 1245 and 1665 cm-1 bands (attributed to irregularities in protein structure).”

“These results indicate that CaDPA in the core of Bt spores confers resistance to ethanol, and that damage to the spore inner membrane by ethanol treatment results in CaDPA leakage.”