Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Ketamine

“ Ketamine has been shown to effectively prolong abstinence from alcohol and heroin in detoxified alcoholics and heroin dependent individuals, respectively.”

“Recently, ketamine has attracted attention as a rapid‐acting anti‐depressant but other studies have also reported its efficacy in reducing problematic alcohol and drug use.”

“For TUNEL test, a significant increase in the apoptotic cells were observed in the cerebella of the ketamine treated mice (P = 0.016) and of those with co‐administration of ketamine and ethanol (P < 0.001), when compared with the control.”

“MRM retrieval + ketamine (RET + KET) effectively reduced the reinforcing effects of alcohol and long-term drinking levels, compared to ketamine or retrieval alone.”

“Remarkably, the authors demonstrate that a single dose of ketamine administered on the day of withdrawal from chronic alcohol drinking , but not 2 or 6 days later, prevents both the early withdrawal-induced anxiety and late withdrawal (2–3 weeks)-induced negative affective states.”

“Supporting the notion that targeting BNST NMDA receptors modulates alcohol withdrawal-induced negative affective states is the finding that ketamine , an NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid-acting antidepressant effects, acutely attenuates depressive-like behavior following withdrawal from alcohol [2].”

“We report here a case of a mixed drug fatality involving ketamine and ethanol.”

“…),ketamine (1 mg/kg), ifenprodil (0.5 mg/kg) as antagonists of NMDAR, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg), …,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (20 mg/kg) a nitric oxide/cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) inhibitor, with a subeffective dose of ethanol (….”

“Thus, the current study examined whether early-life ketamine administration produces long-term changes in the sensitivity to the rewarding effects of ethanol , as measured using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm.”

“When considered together, the findings suggest that early use of ketamine does not appear to enhance the vulnerability to ethanol later in life, but in contrast, it may attenuate the rewarding effects of ethanol.”

“Together, these findings suggest that chronic ethanol exposure increases postsynaptic function within the AIC-BLA circuit and that ketamine can prevent ethanol withdrawal-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity and negative affect.”

“ Ketamine prophylactically reduces binge‐like ethanol consumption in female, but not male mice.”

“Pretreatment with an acute subanesthetic dose of ketamine suppresses binge‐like ethanol consumption in female but not male mice.”

“Our study suggests that chronic co-administration of ketamine and ethanol results in depressive-like behavior and the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the PFC of adolescent rats' brains.”

“Results show …-application of ketamine … ethanol significantly increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, up-regulated TUNEL positive cells and both protein and mRNA expressions of caspase-… Bax, compared with the control group and ketamine and ethanol use alone groups in the PFC, but not in the HIP.”