Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Interferons

“In conclusion, intermittent administration of IFN suppressed tumor recurrence after treatment with surgery or ethanol injection in patients with HCV‐related chronic liver disease.”

“On …, alcohol also … IFN pathway by reducing STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suppressing permissive arginine methylation of STAT1, decreasing expression of STAT1 and STAT2, and inducing the accumulation of …: ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, interferon; ISG, interferon-stimulated gene; ISRE, interferon-sensitive response element; RARE, retinoic acid responsive.”

“Additionally, alcohol also suppressed the expression of IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), an intracellular sensor of viral infection.”

“ Ethanol suppressed the LPS-induced gene expression of Foxp3, RORγt, and T-bet after 8 hours, expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ was also suppressed after 3 and 8 hours.”

“In addition, ethanol metabolism and HCV proteins reduce proteasome function and interferon signaling , thereby suppressing the generation of peptides for MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation.”

“Acutein vitro ethanol treatment down-regulated the elevated TNFα production by trauma patients' MØ after either SEB, muramyl-dipeptide (MDP), interferon-γ plus MDP, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.”

“In contrast, when combined with exogenously applied IFN-α, ethanol inhibited the antiviral actions of IFN against HCV replication, involving inhibition of IFN-induced Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation.”

“As a result, compared with control group, pIFN-α expression level was decreased about 4~12 folds under long-term high ethanol concentration, … decreased about 8 folds under instantaneous high ethanol concentration, reaching to the low level of 0.42 g/L. The low production of pIFN-α … ethanol ….”

“Probably, ethanol depresses the synthesis of interferon or disturbs the functioning of 2',5'-oligoadenylate cascade.”

“… interferon (… ethanol : 1) ethanol inhibited LPS‐ or gangliosides‐induced, but not IFNγ‐induced, glial activation as demonstrated by the production of nitric oxide and the expression … activation, respectively; 3) ethanol inhibited LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation; and 4) ethanol did not significantly affect IFNγ‐induced STAT1/IRF‐1 activation.”