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“ Ethanol treatment significantly reduced the epididymal tissue/sperm carnitine, acetyl carnitine, GPC , and sialic acid, suggesting its adverse effect on these secretory products.”
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics • 1999 | View Paper
“Our results showed that total choline (tCho; phosphocholine+glycerophosphocholine [GPC+PCh]) concentrations were significantly lower (p=0.038) in the binge ethanol group than that in the control group (Fig.2).”