Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Glutathione

“ Ethanol ingestion brought about a significant increase in xanthine oxidase and malonyldialdehyde together with a decreased glutathione concentration.”

“The relationship between glutathione, GGTP and glucaric acid is discussed, suggesting the possible role of GSH against the oxidative damage of alcohol.”

“ Ethanol metabolism generates reactive oxygen species and depletes the antioxidant molecule glutathione ( GSH ), leading to oxidative stress and lipid and protein damage, which are related to growth retardation and neurotoxicity, thereby increasing the incidence of FASD.”

“ Ethanol treatment results in the depletion of GSH levels and decreases antioxidant activity.”

“Ethanol (1.6g / kg body weight/ day for 4 weeks) affects body weight in 16-18 week old male albino … 200-220 g. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level, nitrite content, protein carbonyl group level, redox ratio (oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio ), superoxide dismutase activity, and … significantly increased on ethanol ….”

“ Ethanol intoxication also caused a decrease in GSH concentration, especially in the cerebellum, striatum, and cortex.”

“In a rat model, chronic ingestion of ethanol decreased pulmonary glutathione concentration, increased alveolar barrier permeability, and increased the risk of acute lung injury.”

“ Chronic ethanol ingestion in rats led to decreased levels of glutathione , an important antioxidant in the lung, and this defect was associated with alterations in epithelial cell permeability, decreased alveolar liquid clearance, decreased cell viability, and decreased surfactant production.”

“Folate deficiency alone reduced hepatic folates by one half, and ethanol feeding alone reduced methionine synthase, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and glutathione (GSH) levels and elevated plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.”

“Cytosolic total glutathione was mildly decreased, whereas ethanol feeding increased mitochondrial levels of total glutathione.”