Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Glutathione Disulfide

“In the study, we have examined the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on hepatic glutatione levels and found that ethanol exposure resulted in elevations of hepatic reduced and oxidized glutathione.”

“Any alcohol use during pregnancy significantly … plasma GSH (p < 0.05), while alcohol at >3 drinks/occasion or >5 drinks/occasion significantly decreased plasma GSH concentration (p < 0.05), increased the percent of oxidized GSSG (p < 0.05), and substantially oxidized the plasma GSH redox potential (p < 0.05).”

“Thus, a greater percentage was in the oxidized GSSG form when subjects abused alcohol (35.3% [11.8, 58.1] vs. 5.2 [3.6, 6.1], p<0.001).”

“The metabolism of ethanol can result in depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) via adduct formation and oxidation to GSSG.”

“In addition, EtOH induced an accumulation of GSSG and consequent reduction of GSH:GSSG ratio, indicating the involvement of oxidative mechanisms in the EtOH-induced effects.”

“RESULTS Et H ad ministration significantly increased hepatic oxidative stress, evidenced as decreased liver total glutathione and reduced glu tathione/glutathione disulfide ra tio.”

“ EtOH increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and decreased reduced and oxidized glutathione.”

“ Chronic ethanol feeding alone decreased the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and increased 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the gingiva.”

“ Ethanol significantly decreased the plasma NO levels, reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities while plasma NADPH oxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly elevated compared to control.”

“In addition, ethanol consumption caused age-dependent decreases in the levels of GSH, selenium, vitamins, E, A and C, and beta-carotene and increases in the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG).”