Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Cyclosporine

“In Vitro, Sandimmune ® significantly decreased Vmax while CsA in EtOH or EtOH exerted small and similar effects.”

“Two inhibitors of MPT pore opening, cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid, prevented TNF‐α cytotoxicity in the presence of ethanol.”

“N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cyclosporine A , blocked ethanol and acetaldehyde-induced barrier dysfunction and tight junction disruption.”

“Interestingly, the dn/ds ratio and percentage of sites undergoing positive selection increased with ethanol and BSO, resulting in an increased detection of NS5A variants with reduced susceptibility to interferon alpha, cyclosporine , and ribavirin and others implicated in immune tolerance and modulation of viral replication.”

“Synergistic inhibition of T-cell proliferation was seen with ethanol plus cyclosporin A : the level of inhibition with 250 ng/ml cyclosporin A alone was equivalent to the level seen with 62 ng/ml cyclosporin A plus 5 mM (24 mg%) ethanol.”

“ CsA (p < 0.001) and TRL (p < 0.01) each decreased ethanol consumption, whereas SRL showed no significant effects at any dose.”

“ Cyclosporin A was prohibitively insoluble in aqueous media and the activity of the enhancer is diminished to ineffectiveness when it is applied in alcoholic media.”

“ CsA dissolved directly in ethanol produced a small increase in force that was indistinguishable from that evoked by ethanol alone.”

“ Cyclosporin A showed a dose dependent inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, being most pronounced when dissolved in ethanol.”

“SDS and ethanol were found to significantly enhance both rate and extent of drug diffusion from oil to aqueous phase for both cyclosporine and difluprednate emulsions.”