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“The group with deficient intake of retinol, carotene , and vitamins C and E, but with higher consumption of alcohol , incur a noticeably high risk of colorectal cancer (OR=6.79; 95%CI: 2.08-22.18).”
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research • 2002 | View Paper
“ Ethanol intoxication produced age-dependent decrease in the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reductase and in levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamins C, E, and A, and βcarotene.”
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A • 2004 | View Paper
“Moreover, in the animals fed alcohol with β‐carotene , multiple ultrastructural lesions appeared, with autophagic vacuoles, abundant myelin figures, degenerated mitochondria and increased blood levels of the mitochondrial enzyme glutamic dehydrogenase.”
“In a second stage, detailed studies showed about ….64-fold and 1.43-fold increase in carotene concentration (mg/g dry biomass) … the presence of addition of ethanol (4%, v/v) and addition of hydrogen peroxide (4%, v/v) at 40 hr, and 32 hr in liquid medium, separately.”