Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Carbachol

“Exposure of M1-, M3-, …-expressing cells to ethanol for 5 … stimulating with carbamylcholine reduced [3H]AA release by 40 to 65%; 50% of the maximal inhibition was obtained with an ethanol … 30 to 50 mM. Ethanol did not affect basal [3H]AA release measured in the absence of carbamylcholine.”

“ Ethanol dependence increases the maximum responses to NA and carbachol whereas responsiveness to barium remains unaltered.”

“We have previously shown that the acetylcholine analog carbachol induces astroglial cell proliferation through activation of muscarinic M3 receptors, and that ethanol strongly inhibits this effect by inhibiting activation of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ and its down‐stream effector 70‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K).”

“ Carbachol caused an increase in phorbol ester binding and translocation of PKCepsilon, however, these were inhibited only by 100-200 mM ethanol.”

“On the other hand, translocation of the atypical PKCzeta to the perinuclear area by carbachol was inhibited by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner (10-100 mM).”

“In responding cells stimulated with 10 microM carbachol, ethanol exposure also suppressed the maximal Ca2+ increase primarily in those cells that responded late.”

“Acute exposure to ethanol caused a suppression of both carbachol- and phorbol ester-stimulated c-fos expression.”

“ Ethanol caused an increase in the EC50 value of carbachol for the initial rate of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation, measured after 10 sec of stimulation, from 98 microM in the absence to 196 microM in the presence of 100 mM ethanol.”

“Alternatively, carbachol may facilitate the inhibitory action ethanol on voltage-dependent channels.”

“This apparent facilitation was manifested principally by a more rapid onset of inhibition, although the extent of inhibition by ethanol , in the presence of carbachol , was also increased.”

“In addition, in the presence of ethanol (170‐300 mM), CCh elevated levels of [3H]PEt [which is regarded as a specific indicator of phospholipase D (PLD) activity] by three‐ to sixfold.”

“Treatment with ethanol reduced the contraction induced by carbachol in isolated bladders.”