Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Astaxanthin

“Our previous study suggested that astaxanthin (AST) could alleviate the hepatic inflammation and lipid dysmetabolism induced by ethanol administration.”

“Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that AST inhibited all three ER stress signaling pathways activated by ethanol.”

“This study highlights that administration of AST ablated chronic excessive ethanol consumption-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing cardiac ER stress and subsequent apoptosis.”

“Thirteen phylotypes related to inflammation as well as correlated with metabolic parameters were significantly altered by ethanol , and then notably reversed by astaxanthin.”

“In addition, maternal ethanol induced up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and the down-streaming myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β in embryos, and this was inhibited by astaxanthin pretreatment.”

“Our results showed that astaxanthin blocked maternal ethanol induced retardation of embryonic growth, and the down-regulation of neural marker genes, Otx1 and Sox2.”

“ Astaxanthin antagonized the impairing effect of acute EtOH on CSD (group 1; mean velocity: 3.70 ± 0.19 and 3.13 ± 0.16 mm/min for the young and adult groups, respectively).”

“… astaxanthin … ethanol lead to lower CSD-velocities in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 3.68 +/- 0.09 to 3.97 +/- 0.22 for the 2.… 10 microg/kg/d-dose, and from 2.89 +/- 0.13 to 2.92 +/- 0.11 for the 90 microg/kg/d-dose.”

“Elevated levels of cellular ROS levels by ethanol were also attenuated by ASTX with a concomitant decrease in the expression of NADPH oxidase 2, a ROS-producing enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages.”

“Antioxidant analyses revealed that astaxanthin accumulation offset the ethanol induced oxidative stress.”

“The results demonstrated that astaxanthin accumulation occurred with ethanol addition even under low-light conditions.”