Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Ammonia

“Direct effects of ethanol were synergistic with increased ammonia uptake in causing dysregulated skeletal muscle proteostasis and signaling perturbations with a more severe sarcopenic phenotype.”

“Simultaneous ethanol and ammonia treatment impaired protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling and increased autophagy with a consequent decreased myotube diameter to a greater extent than either treatment alone.”

“ Ammonia and ethanol in combination resulted in a reduction in myotube width and total protein content, which was greater than the reduction observed with ammonia alone.”

“Compared to the control (no ethanol), 1% ethanol intake significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ammonia (p<0.05), whereas 2% ethanol intake did so to a lesser extent.”

“Injection of the NMDA receptor antagonists MK801 (….5–8 mg kg–1) or ethanol (1–8 mg kg–1) increased trout survival time by 1.5–2.0-fold during exposure to 2 mmol l–1 ammonia , suggesting that excitotoxic cell death contributes to ammonia toxicity in this species.”

“At 3 h after the intragastral administration of ethanol (446 mmol/kg) the blood ammonia concentration in v. portae increased 1.4 times, in v. cava inf.”

“The ammonia inhalation promoted the lethal action of ethanol with a dose alteration factor of 0.81 and suppressed gas-exchange.”

“These data suggest that in rat, the coma-inducing ethanol ingestion promotes the translocation of intestinal ammonia into the common bloodstream, which has a detrimental effect on the outcome of alcohol coma.”

“The synergistic action of ammonia during ethanol intoxication is envisaged.”

“Intragas-tric administration of ammonia (0.6–1.0%) and ethanol (60–100%) produced hemorrhagic necrosis of gastric mucosa in a concentration-dependent manner.”

“According to these results, ethanol inhibits protein degradation in the liver by two discrete mechanisms: one decreasing the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the other involving lysosomotropic inhibition, possibly via ammonia.”

“The uptake of 125I-asialofetuin was slightly decreased and the output of ammonia increased in the presence of ethanol.”

“ Ethanol was effective in inhibiting proteolysis in the presence of protease inhibitors like ammonia , leupeptin or methylamine, indicating that its mechanism of action involves a non-lysosomal pathway of degradation.”

“Comparison of molar concentrations in the supervising fluids showed that ammonia is at least 39 times more toxic than acetaldehyde, and at least 1000 times more toxic than ethanol.”