Possible Interaction: Ethanol and Acetovanillone

“The inhibition of reactive oxygen species by the intraperitoneal injection of apocynin attenuated renal fibrosis and restored renal function in the alcoholic mice.”

“Interestingly, treatment with the NADPH inhibitor, apocynin , significantly prevented oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the impairment of synaptic vesicle activity induced by ethanol treatment.”

“ Apocynin prevented both the decreased in acetylcholine‐induced relaxation and intracavernosal pressure induced by ethanol.”

“ Apocynin prevented the effects of ethanol on protein expression and p47phox translocation.”

“ Ethanol increased superoxide anion (O2‐) generation and catalase activity in CSM, and treatment with apocynin prevented these responses.”

“Male Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (20% v/v) or ethanol plus apocynin (30 mg/kg/day; p.o.”

“ Ethanol consumption increased superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation and lipid peroxidation and apocynin prevented these responses.”

“ Ethanol increased the expression of Nox1, PKCδ, nNOS, SAPK/JNK and SOD2 in the rat aorta and apocynin prevented these responses.”

“ Ethanol consumption increased superoxide anion (O2−) generation and decreased nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentration in the rat MAB and apocynin prevented these responses.”

“Pretreatment of hepatocytes with N-acetyl cystein (ROS reducer), or dietary antioxidants (quercetin, reserveratrol), or NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase inhibitor apocynin , significantly reduced ethanol (50 mM, 24 h) induced increases in ROS and H3AcK9.”

“These beneficial effects were attenuated by apocynin treatment coincident with ethanol administration.”