Possible Interaction: Estradiol and Glutathione

“These results demonstrate that the futile metabolism of micromolar quantities of estradiol catalyzes the oxidation of much greater concentrations of biochemical reducing cofactors, such as glutathione and NADH, with hydrogen peroxide produced as a consequence.”

“During the 6-OHDA induced PD, the level of antioxidant marker such as GSH , ROS and TRAP, found to be significantly modulated by the estradiol.”

“Interestingly, co-administration of 17β-estradiol with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, precursor molecule of glutathione ( GSH )) further significantly increased the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN (by 85%), with a parallel further decrease of lipid peroxidation to normal levels.”

“However, only 17β-estradiol counteracted a reduction in glutathione content and only quercitrin counteracted a reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity.”

“The GSH level was enhanced in DMA+estradiol treated group.”

“ Estradiol prevents Hcy-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing the intracellular content of GSH.”

“The dose of estradiols required for motor neuron protection was greatly reduced by co-administration with glutathione.”

“ Estradiol (0.1-1.5 mM) produced a dose-dependent depletion of cellular reduced glutathione ( GSH ), whereas it did not alter the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) excretion into the medium.”

“In rat liver microsomes, estradiol (5-50 microM) significantly interacted with GSH only when an NADPH-regenerating system was incorporated into the medium.”

“ Glutathione promoted the loss of 3H from C-4 of either estradiol or 2-hydroxyestradiol but had less effect on this reaction at C-1 and inhibited it at C-6,7.”

“Ascorbic acid and glutathione inhibited covalent binding of estradiol to macromolecules in the in vitro microsomal system.”