Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Vasoconstrictor Agents

“The forearm vasoconstrictor response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP), a reflex stimulus to norepinephrine release, can be augmented by a prior brachial artery infusion of epinephrine.”

“Preparations including adrenaline were also observed to intensify local nasal vasoconstriction resulting in a better operative field.”

“It was especially notable that carticaine without vasoconstrictor was not able to produce reliable analgesia, while only a minute amount of adrenalin (3.3 μg/ml) improved the parameters radically.”

“Additional vasoconstrictive properties of epinephrine on >-1 adrenoreceptors (among epinephrine’s other potential analgesic properties such as agonist activity of the >-2A adrenoreceptor) prolong the clinical duration of local anesthetic nerve blocks.”

“A higher number of patients receiving epinephrine required vasopressors and mechanical ventilation prior to the event compared to those not receiving epinephrine.”

“It is worth noting that the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine can take up to 15 min to take effect.”

“Limited cardiac output during prolonged resuscitation and severe vasoconstriction after large doses of epinephrine and vasopressors might both contribute to the compromised mesenteric perfusion.”

“ Epinephrine 2.5 microg ml(-1) significantly reduced the responses to clinical doses of both drugs (P<0.001), producing net vasoconstriction.”

“In the experimental arm, the vasoconstrictor response to LBNP was 65% greater 30 min after the adrenaline infusion (P = 0.075), whereas the response to intra-arterial noradrenaline decreased by 36% (P greater than 0.1).”

“The dosage of adrenergic vasoconstrictors should be limited and gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine avoided entirely.”