Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Urea

“ Adrenalin (1 x 10(-6) M) increased water and ammonia effluxes by a factor of 1.5 and urea efflux by a factor of 3.1.”

“ Epinephrine raised MABP by 57 mm Hg, to a peak pressure of 160 mm Hg; and it increased the volume of distribution (Vd) of urea , mannitol, and 125I-bovine serum albumin in CSF by 1.5-, 2.7-, and 30-fold, respectively.”

“Permanent adrenalin application causes a decrease of GFR, PAH and urea clearances.”

“ Epinephrine , at 10(-6) M, greatly increased the permeability of the gills to the small hydrophilic molecules, water and urea , and to the lipophilic substance, butanol, but did not affect the penetration of the large hydrophilic solutes, mannitol, inulin and dextrans.”

“We conclude that epinephrine alters branchial vascular flow and functional surface area via alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, but also increases branchial permeability to water and probably urea , via beta-adrenergic receptors.”

“Exogenous epinephrine caused a fifteen-fold increase in urea elimination expressed as fraction of filtered load excreted, while urine flow rates doubled and the excretion of chloride and trimethylamine oxide increased 2·6 and 3·8-fold, respectively.”