Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Tetracaine

“Addition of adrenaline to the 6-mg doses of both tetracaine and bupivacaine decreased the incidence of sensations at the operative site.”

“Thus, epinephrine can increase the effectiveness of low-dose tetracaine.”

“When tetracaine is used, the addition of epinephrine significantly prolongs the duration.”

“A significant difference was observed between the dermatomal level of sensory loss of touch and … loss of either pinprick or cold during onset, at 5 min in patients given tetracaine … epinephrine , at time of maximum spread in patients given tetracaine … the sitting position, and in all groups during regression.”

“In this study, we investigated whether the addition of epinephrine to tetracaine modulates these events.”

“The addition of epinephrine to tetracaine sustained large concentrations of glutamate.”

“These results suggest that the addition of epinephrine to tetracaine may increase its neurotoxicity, which may possibly be related to a sustained increase of glutamate concentrations in the CSF.”

“ Epinephrine , but not levonordefrin, increased the toxicity and lethality of bupivacaine as well as the lethality of tetracaine.”

“Both clonidine and epinephrine produced a similar prolongation of tetracaine motor blockade, 135 percent(p < 0.01 ) and 116 per cent (p < 0.05) respectively, compared with tetracaine alone.”

“The stimulatory effect of 0.5-1 mM tetracaine on basal insulin release was blocked by the secretory inhibitors, adrenaline (1 microM), clonidine (1 microM) and by Ca2+-deficiency, but the stimulation by 3.5 mM tetracaine was not reduced by 1 microM clonidine or Ca2+ deficiency.”