Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Procaine

“ Procaine inhibited dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP)-induced corticosteroid synthesis by murine Y1 and human H295R adrenal cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting basal steroid formation.”

“The addition of epinephrine for vasocontriction or cutting off the circulation significantly enhanced the penetration of procaine from the subepithelial tissues into the”

“It was observed that when adrenaline was added to procaine and the mixture was compared with cocaine by the guinea-pig method, the log dose-effect lines became parallel.”

“Plasma procaine concentrations did not correlate well with local anesthetic activity; for example, although the HWRL was … of 20 seconds at 60 to 180 minutes following administration of the 5-mg dose of procaine … epinephrine in certain horses, plasma procaine concentrations were … quantitation of the LC-MS-MS assay.”

“RESULTS 10 but not 5 mg of procaine alone and 5 and 10 mg of pr caine ad ministered with epi nephrine si gnificantly prolonged the HWRL period (mean durations of effect, 5, 120 and 180 minutes, respectively), compared with baseline values.”

“Because epinephrine may extend the duration of local anaesthesia beyond a reasonable period of confinement for horses before the starting time of a race, the increased LA effect following the addition of epinephrine to procaine has regulatory significance.”

“Both epinephrine and levonordefrin decreased the toxicity and lethality of procaine with respect to dose.”

“The stimulation by adrenaline and noradrenaline was significantly blocked by the addition of 5 mM procaine.”

“In other studies, it was observed that xylocaine potentiated while procaine antagonized the effects of adrenaline on the rabbit aortic strip (Nava-Rivera et al 1967).”

“All concentrations of procaine produced significant retardation of healing at 5 days and adrenaline enhanced this effect.”

“By 7 days the effect was greatly diminished and only those rats injected with 2 per cent procaine with adrenaline had significantly weaker wounds.”

“The study suggests that 2 per cent procaine with adrenaline is better avoided and even when lower concentrations are used sutures should be retained for 7 days.”

“Both procaine and xylocaine remarkably inhibited the lipolyses caused by norepinephrine, epinephrine , caffeine and theophylline.”