Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Nicotine

“ Nicotine significantly increased the systemic levels of adrenaline , noradrenaline and cAMP while increasing xenograft size and protein levels of cAMP, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the tumor tissue.”

“Cotinine formation from nicotine was inhibited by tryptamine (Ki = 0.7 μM, competitive), serotonin (Ki = 272 μM, noncompetitive), dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline (Ki = 11 μM, 54 μM, and 81 μM, uncompetitive).”

“…,nicotine, … epinephrine and norepinephrine release, and enhances vasoconstriction by impairing endothelium-dependent and endotheliumindependent vasodilation; it may therefore hinder tissue perfusion.9,10 In this randomized, … regular current snus users (one or more sachets daily in the last 30 days).11 Their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years.”

“The interaction of nicotine with the HT-29 cells stimulated the epinephrine secretion causing an increase in epinephrine release concentration, and enabling the conclusion that epinephrine and nicotine play an important role in the colorectal tumour growth.”

“In the present study, we showed that nicotine stimulated HT-29 cell proliferation and adrenaline production in a dose-dependent manner.”

“The pattern of haemodynamic changes in the forearm indicates that epinephrine may be the mediator of the circulatory effects of nicotine.”

“ Nicotine interacted with the response of adrenergic agonists both in arteries and veins; in arteries it potentiates the contractile response of epinephrine ; in veins, it inhibited the dilatory responses of norepinephrine and potentiated the contractile effect of high concentration of epinephrine (10(-6) M).”

“ Nicotine caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of nicotine, cotinine, noradrenaline, adrenaline , glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA).”

“ Nicotine produced significant elevations of adrenaline , glycerol and FFA concentrations at both doses (maximal increments of 247, 184 and 153%, respectively) and the peak effect occurred at 30 min.”

“Serum noradrenaline, adrenaline , glycerol and FFA levels had increased significantly by 15 min of nicotine infusion.”

“ Nicotine has been shown to lead to increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine following smoking.”

“Nicotine reversed ADP-induced aggregation, the effect of nicotine was potentiated by isoprenaline and theophylline and inhibited by adrenaline.”