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“Patients undergoing 1% lidocaine with 1∶100 000 EPI (52-63 s) had a markedly quicker onset time of anesthetizing than those using 2% lidocaine with 1∶100 000 EPI (259-335 s, P=0.000).”
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] • 2016 | View Paper
“Two methods are commonly used by dermatologists to raise the pH of lidocaine with epinephrine : buffering with sodium bicarbonate or freshly mixing lidocaine with epinephrine on the day of use.”
British journal of anaesthesia • 2003 | View Paper
“AIMS The combination of lignocaine and adrenaline may cause more postoperative pain than other types of local anaesthetic agents with comparable clinical efficacy.”
“Of the procedures performed using lidocaine with epinephrine , one patient required an additional injection versus five of the patients who were given plain lidocaine (p = 0.098).”
Plastic and reconstructive surgery • 2001 | View Paper
“Chloroprocaine and, to a lesser degree, lidocaine , produced marked attenuation of intubation-induced increases in plasma concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine.”