Possible Interaction: Epinephrine and Glutathione

“Cys, GSH and GSSG in the model system inhibit quinoid oxidation of adrenaline , as a result of which the formation of superoxide (O2 ·-) is also inhibited.”

“ Glutathione concentrations in the micromolar range, which correspond to levels in erythrocyte extracts, were capable of perturbing the epinephrine assay method and causing overestimation of enzyme content.”

“Abstract The reaction in neutral aqueous solution between an oxidation product of epinephrine and glutathione in moderate excess resulted in the accelerated disappearance of the sulfhydryl group, the absence of adrenochrome, and the formation of two separate glutathione-epinephrine derivatives with distinctive absorbancy and fluorescence.”

“In hepatocytes 10 μM adrenaline (Adr), but not isoproterenol (Iso) a β-AR agonist, or phenylephrine (Phe) an α1-AR agonist, (in a Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) enriched with Ca2+ and some aminoacids) increased in 13% GT efflux.”

“In livers perfused with KHB, Adr or Iso at 1 μmolar doses (but not Phe) stimulated 11-fold initial velocity of GT release, but only during the first 2 min of perfusion.”

“However, especially epinephrine injection after adrenalectomy resulted in a significantly increase of measured antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels in both gastric tissue and erythrocyte.”

“ Epinephrine modulated α-adrenoceptors to increase the levels of gastric mucosal nitric oxide and glutathione.”

“Norepinephrine and epinephrine (both α and β agonists) also stimulated GSH absorption but not to the same extent as phenylephrine.”

“Since epinephrine and clonidine have been shown to decrease hepatic glutathione (GSH) by activating alpha 2-adrenoceptors, and alpha 2-antagonists partially antagonize GSH depletion and hepatotoxicity caused by bromobenzene and cocaine, we have investigated whether the formamidines would affect hepatic GSH levels in mice.”

“Vasopressin and epinephrine transiently decreased bile flow and excretion of endogenous bile acids and glutathione and increased the bile/perfusate ratio of [14C]sucrose, suggesting an increase in junctional permeability, but had no effect on the bile/perfusate ratio of [3H]polyethylene glycol-900.”

“Addition of glutathione and epinephrine to the incubation mixture caused a diminution in the production of most eicosanoids (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products) whereas indomethacin decreased only the cyclooxygenase metabolites.”