“BACKGROUND Large (0.5-1.0 MAC), rapid increases of desflurane to concentrations greater than 5% can transiently increase heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), sympathetic nerve activity, and plasma epinephrine concentration.”
“ CONCLUSIONS Small (1%) increases in desflurane concentration to and greater than 6% can transiently increase heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and plasma epinephrine concentration.”
“The 1% increases in desflurane concentration to greater than 5% also transiently increased plasma epinephrine concentrations but not vasopressin concentration or plasma renin activity in those volunteers in whom MAP increased.”